Saw-chops/clamps
Saw-chops composed of two wood jaws held by a bolt and wing-nut and gripped in a bench-vice 2 г 49 Handsaws: miscellaneous 6 3 48 Saw-chops/clamps are used for holding …
SAWS AND SAWING
A standard kit for hand work would automatically include rip-, crosscut - and panel - (small crosscut-) saws, tenon - and dovetail- saws, with bow-, scroll - andpad-saws, etc. for …
MITRE TOOLS
Figure 45:1 shows the fixed mitre-square for' laying out true mitres, 45:2 the combined square and mitre-template, 45:3 a brass mitre-template for stuck mouldings, and 45:4 a wooden version cut …
Squares, bevels, etc
Joiners' try-squares can be either all-metal, metal blade secured in a rosewood stock (43:7) or L-shaped metal blade running through the stock; it hardly matters which so long as the …
Gauges
Beech marking-gauges (43:3) are cheap enough and several should be provided, thus saving time in multiple layout work. The brass-plated variety offer no real advantage, but boxwood thumbscrews are preferable …
MARKING, MEASURING AND TESTING TOOLS
Traditionally the furniture-maker has relied upon the standard 2 ft (609 mm) fourfold rule, the joiner on the 3 ft (914 mm) pattern, both marked in eighths and sixteenths of …
SAWING AND PLANING APPLIANCES
39 Bench-hook 40 Shooting-board Reversible bench-hooks are used to support small pieces while being sawn or cut, at the same time protecting the bench-top from incidental damage. They can be …
Tools and Equipment 8 Cabinet maker’s bench and accessories
CABINET MAKER'S BENCH Good benches are indispensable for handwork; a softwood bench put together quickly from small section wood is not suitable. Cabinet - benches should be of hardwood, preferably …
MISCELLANEOUS ABRASIVE MATERIALS Wet and dry papers
These are waterproof silicon carbide papers glued with synthetic resin adhesives on a rubberized or treated backing paper. The finer grits can be used dry for flattening polyester, cellulose and …
CHOICE OF GRITS
For all preparatory sanding and levelling off an 80 grit firm-backed cabinet-paper is suitable, and coarse-grained woods such as oak or teak rarely require any finer treatment. For close - …
SANDING TECHNIQUES
Machine-sanding operators are usually skilled personnel with a sensitive touch, otherwise edges are easily dubbed over and veneered surfaces cut through to show bald patches of glue which cannot be …
Silica carbide
The hardest and most expensive grit, produced by heating mixtures of coal and quartz in an electric furnace, and commonly known as 'carborundum. Scarcely less hard than the diamond, its …
SANDING PAPERS
Grits for sanding are deposited on the backing support either by gravity or in an electrostatic field in order that each individual grain shall be secured in an upright position, …
Abrasives
Old-time cabinetmakers used sand-, brick - and stone-dust, shagreen (shark's skin) and other primitive materials for the levelling of wood surfaces, and it always appears incredible how they managed to …
APPLICATORS FOR GLUE, ETC
A special bristle brush is sold for hide glues: paint brushes are not suitable as frequent heating destroys the rubber bonding. For rubber based impact glues a tin spreader with …
GLUING DIFFICULT MATERIALS
Brass, metals, etc. Araldite epoxy resin glue in accordance with maker's instructions; hide glue with the addition of a teaspoonful of Venice turpentine per pint of glue, or plaster of …
Heat acceleration of glue sets
As already mentioned, synthetic resin glues Separate application glues Aerolite 300 or 306 Powder Glue Minimum setting time with 50° F 60° F 70° F 80° F 90° F 10° …
Synthetic resin glues
Preparation of synthetic resin glues is more exact and the makers' instructions must be closely followed. Two types are used: (1) gap - filling assembly glues for general construction work …
PREPARATION, WORKING PROPERTIES, ETC. Hide (Scotch) glues
Hide - or Scotch-type glues in cake, pearl and bead forms require preliminary soaking in water and heating in water-jacketed pots to not more than 160° F (54° C). Greater …
Animal glues
The universal type is Hide prepared by boiling bones, hides, etc. in water, and obtainable in hard cake form which must be broken up in an old piece of sacking …
HISTORY OF GLUES
The first glues used were in all probability natural exudations from resinous tree-trunks. tar, bitumen, possibly animal blood and crude forms of casein glue. So-called animal glues, i. e. hide …
Adhesives
All matter is composed of countless separate molecules which exert their own powerful electro-magnetic forces, and thus adhere together by mutual attraction. In theory, therefore, any two smooth surfaces should …
PROPERTIES OF METAL Age-hardening
A slow hardening process which takes place in certain alloys, particularly those of aluminium when allowed to stand at room temperature after annealing. If you wish to work the material …
TYPES OF METAL Ferrous metals
Composed mainly of iron with small additions of other metals or substances, e. g. wrought iron, cast iron, mild steel and carbon steel. Wrought iron Iron with traces of silicate. …
Metals
METAL FURNITURE Hitherto metal furniture was largely made of mild steel tube, hence the familiar name 'tubular steel furniture'; moreover, designers tended to think in terms of wood forms and …
Heat-resistant qualities
Standard quality laminates are resistant against the surface temperature not exceeding 302° F (150° C) but will not resist intense localized heat, such as neglected cigarette butts, etc. Incorporating a …
Treatment of edges
All edges should be eased back to prevent lifting and possible impact damage (29:3). If the edges of the groundwork/substrate are also covered they should be laid first, trimmed off …
Trimming edges
Cut edges can be trimmed with a heavy jack - plane, using short, quick strokes and not attempting to follow through; or with steel cabinet-scrapers, or fine-cut saw-files. If the …
Decorative plastic laminates
Familiarly known as Formica, Wilson Art, Consulweld, etc., these are composed of layers of kraft paper impregnated with phenolic resins, while the surface pattern, which can be purely decorative in …
Perspex
Perspex or acrylic sheet (polymethyl methacrylate) is readily obtainable in clear transparent, pastel shades, full colours, and transfusing and fluorescent colours in thicknesses from V25 in (1 mm) to V2 …
Extrusions and extruded sections
Continuous lengths of tube, rod, sheet and various profiles are formed by extrusion processes mainly using thermoplastics, although thermosetting plastics have uses in specific cases. The resin powder or chips …
PLASTICS APPLICATIONS
Plastics applications fall into three main categories: cast and moulded structures and components; extrusions and extruded sections; shaped forms and fabrications. The appropriate method of manipulation is determined by the …
TYPES OF PLASTICS
All plastics are polymeric and all polymers may be regarded as potential plastics. Certain polymers occur naturally, i. e. casein (milk solids), cellulose derivatives (wood, cotton), etc.; all others are …
Plastics and leathers
Despite the spectacular progress that has been made in the development of plastics, and steady reductions in the cost of their production, plastics have failed to make as much impact …
Advantages of solid wood
1 First cost is often less than of plywoods, etc.. in equivalent thicknesses, except for the rarer hardwoods. 2 Solid wood can be jointed with ease, shaped, moulded, carved, and …
