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Как делать сухое горючее — патент от 1916 года

STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES BASKERVILLE, OE NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO S. STERN ATT & COMPANY, A COPARTNERSHIP COMPOSED OE SIGMUND STERNAU AND LIONEL STRASSBTTRGER, OE BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

EUEL AND PROCESS OE MAKING THE SAME.

1 208,265.                              specification of Letters Patent. Patented Dec. 12,1916.

No Drawing.                        Application filed January 11,1916. Serial No. 71,406.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Charles Baskerville, a citizen of the United States, resident of the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and 5 State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Fuel and Processes of Making the Same, of which the following is a specification.

The objects I have in view are to produce 10 a non-liquid fuel suitable for burning in lamps or stoves and which will not liquefy while it is burning.

• « Other objects will more fully appear from the following specification. _

15 One way of carrying out my invention is s to pour a saturated water solution of cal- / cium acetate into ordinary ethyl alcohol. This produces a gel. Satisfactory propor­tions may be 10 to 15% calcium acetate solu- 20 tion of 85 to 90% alcohol. The same re­suits are secured if denatured alcohol is em­ployed, such consisting of ethyl alcohol with the addition of methyl alcohol or benzin (gasolene) or both. The product is a_ con- 25 venient and serviceable form of non-liquid alcohol which may be burned in suitable de­vices, such as lamps in the form of open top cans. On heating, the substance shows no tendency to melt and in fact the alcohol 30 may thus be distilled away. There is also no tendency to melt when the substance is ignited.                                                          .

I have found that if the mixture contains free mineral acid, alkali, or commonly rec- 35 ognized easily ionizable salts, such for ex­ample as sodium chlorid, the gel does not form or if it does form it is not permanent, or it may be liquefied by vigorous shaking. It then assumes the character of a thick 40 soup. One of the objects of this invention is' to produce a permanent gel.

I find in practice that a mixture made as hereinbefore described may be entirely jelli-' fied, but when some of the alcohol is burned 45 the remaining substance may liquefy. This I attribute to the following: It is a well known fact, and one taken advantage of in the manufacture of acetone, that if calcium acetate be heated it decomposes into acetone 50 and calcium carbonate. The reaction is ex­pressed thus:

Ca (C₂H₃0₂) ₂=CaCO₃+C₃H₀O.

It is also a well known fact that if cal­cium carbonate be heated it gives off carbon 55 dioxid and changes into calcium oxid (quick lime). This coming into contact with water, slakes and produces calcium hydroxid, which is a substance with an alka­line reaction and ionizable. I have found 60 that the presence of such an easily ionizable alkaline substance interferes with the de­sirable permanence of the gelatinous condi­tion of the composition. If, therefore^ the product made in accordance with the direc- 65 tions hereinbefore given be placed in a suit­able container and then it be allowed to burn until a portion of the alcohol has been con­sumed and some alkaline material produced, as indicated, and combustion be stopped, and 7 0 the remaining unconsumed material be kept for an appreciable time, a large portion, if not all of the remaining composition may liquefy. These are conditions which might be expected to obtain in the practical utili- 75 zation of such a product.

In order to overcome the difficulties here­inbefore referred to, I have sought and found a weakly ionizable substance of acid nature which does not interfere with the 80 formation or permanence of the gel and which will combine with the lime as the same is produced in the combustion referred to to form another weakly ionizable sub­stance, in this case neutral, and thus pre- 85 serve the permanence of the gel. One way to secure this is to proceed as follows: To alcohol containing a small percentage of stearic acid (say to 1%), I add 10 to 15 per cent.' by volume, of a saturated 90 water solution of calcium acetate. The mix- ‘ ture is shaken with sufficient vigor to bring about thorough intermingling, or it may be otherwise mixed. This may be done at room temperature and in the container in which 95 the material is subsequently to be used, for it sets almost instantly into a gelatinous body. This body will burn when Ignited,'’

^ will not melt by the heat produced in its "combustion, and will retain its gelatinous 100 characteristics after partial burning, and in fact as long as the mass will burn.

I am also able to accomplish the same re­sults by adding a small percentage of shellac (say one-half to one per cent.).                           _    ¹⁰⁵

The proportions given are not necessarily followed. It is not necessary to produce the jelly in the container for I have found that

the jelly may be so disintegrated by stirring or vigorous shaking as to become soupy in nature, when it may be poured into any other container. When so poured it solidifies 5 on standing.

I do not understand why the mixture of calcium acetate and alcohol gels and it is possible that other similar substances will have the same properties. For this reason I 10 do not limit myself to the substances herein­before specified.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Let­ters Patent, is:

15 1. A fuel consisting of a jellied mixture

of alcohol^ and a salt together with a sub­stance which neutralizes any alkali which may be produced during the burning of the fuel.

²⁰  2. A fuel consisting of a jellied mixture

of alcohol and a salt together with an acid substance to prevent the formation of an alkali during the burning of the fuel.

^      3. A fuel consisting of a jellied mixture

²⁵ of alcohol and a salt, with a chemical means to prevent the formation of ail alkali dur­ing the burning of the fuel.

4. A mixture of calcium acetate and alco­hol in the form of gel.
5. A mixture of calcium acetate and alco- 30 hcl in the form of a gel, said mixture con­taining a weakly ionizable substance of acid nature.
6. A mixture of calcium acetate and alco­hol in the form of a gel, said mixture con- 35 taining shellac.
7. The process of producing a fuel which consists in intimately mixing calcium acetate with alcohol.
8. The process of producing a fuel which ^4C consists in intimately mixing within the con­tainer in which it is to be burned, a solution

of calcium acetate and alcohol.

9. The process of producing a fuel which consists in mixing a solution of calcium ace- ⁴⁵ tate and a solution of a weakly ionizable sub­stance of acid nature with alcohol.

This specification signed and witnessed _v this 8th day of January, 1916.

CHARLES BASKERVILLE.

Witnesses:

Benjamin Karjved,

1. Herbert Fentress.

Copies of this patent may he obtained for five cents each, by addressing the “Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C.”