The themes of technological innovation, entrepreneurship, and organizing
ENDNOTES
i Just as capitalism replaced feudalism, Marx and Engels believed socialism would, in its turn, replace capitalism, and lead to a stateless, classless society called pure communism (Baird, 2010).
ii Consider for instance the expansion of Europe between the 15th and 18th centuries, which was empowered by the dominance of the colonizers in navigation and army technologies. Their overseas discoveries and actions brought about a revolution in the history of humanity, resulting in good, but also negative and controversial results of political, economic, religious, and social facets for the new world (Delouche, 2001; Ribeiro, 1970, 2000).
iii Resources can be associated with tangible and intangible assets that contribute to the production system in the organization (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 2008). This book expands this definition to the perspective that resources are organizational elements that involve social structure, goals, technology and participants (Scott, 1998: 17-22). These resources can be employed at the technical, managerial, institutional and worldwide levels (Nobre, Tobias & Walker, 2009: 47-49) by the organization through the use of the organizational abilities for the development of the core competencies, and, consequently, for the creation of dynamic innovation and sustenance of the
organization’s development. In such a perspective, the organization manages its resources with basis on its strategy. Moreover, the organization interacts with the environment for the acquisition, processing, creation, distribution, employment and management of new strategic resources. Cognition, intelligence, autonomy, learning and knowledge management represent the set of organizational abilities (Nobre, Tobias & Walker, 2010). These abilities have an important role in the deployment and management of the organization’s strategic resources and they also represent sources of development of the organization’s core competencies (Nobre & Walker, 2011); whereas this perspective is based on the strategic context of the resource-based view (Wernerfelt, 1995) along with dynamic capabilities of the firm (Teece, 2007; Teece, Pisano & Shuen, 1997). Sustainability means the ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs (WCED, 1987).
