Flat L-Type Joints
Flat L-type joints are used to connect beam elements at an angle. In regard to the value of the slant angle of adjoining elements, we distinguish perpendicular flat L-type joints …
Shaped and Shape-Adhesive Joints
4.6.2.1 Frontal Parallel Joints Frontal parallel joints are used to increase the length of beam elements. They are commonly used in the production of upholstery frames, strips of furniture boards, …
Joints with. Mechanical Connectors
Due to the ease of realisation and in most cases the possibility of disconnecting the elements, mechanical connectors are widely used in furniture practice (Fig. 4.29). Staples, like nails, allow …
Furniture Joints
The construction of a furniture piece is done by creating appropriate bonds between its particular elements, subassemblages and assemblages. Choosing the right kind of joints for the designed furniture piece …
Leathers and Fabrics
The use of leathers is strictly related to the history of the origins of civilisation. From the cave paintings that date back to the Palaeolithic Era (approx. 20,000 years BC), …
Elasticity of Wood-Based Materials
All of the materials presented above have three mutually perpendicular principal axes, defining their orthogonal anisotropy. Usually, it is assumed, however, that the thickness of boards is small in relation …
Structure of Wood-Based Materials
The quality of the final product, which is a glued wooden board, to a large extent depends on the quality of the technological process. Making board furniture elements from solid …
Wood-Based Materials
Wood, as the basic construction material in furniture, has found widespread use in designed elements: decorative, turned, curved, beam and board. However, surface elements, such as worktops of tables, shelves, …
Elasticity of Wood
As a natural raw material, wood is characterised as both anisotropic, as well as volatile in its properties in the function of space; therefore, it is referred to as a …
Materials Used in Furniture Design
4.5.1 Wood 4.5.1.1 General Characteristics of Wood Wood is a material of natural origin, obtained by felling trees. Further processing of wood, cutting logs for lumber and sawing it into …
Errors in Furniture Design
The practice of the Laboratory of Testing and Validation of Furniture at the Department of Furniture Design of the Poznan University of Life Sciences shows that most furniture defects that …
Designing and Cost Analysis
When designing furniture, costs must be taken into account and they should not surprise at the end of designing or during the validation of the model. The designer and constructor …
Methods of Furniture Design and Construction
The mutual interaction of all known and unknown design parameters requires taking into account the cooperation of competent partners during designing. The experience of many national and foreign concerns and …
Introduction to Engineering Design of Furniture
4.1General Information Each year, at furniture fairs that take place periodically, furniture factories present their latest models based on modern technology, construction and an attractive aesthetic and functional form. In …
Moisture circulation
During one night, human loses approximately 0.5-0.75 l of water (Grbac 2006). This results in a significant increase in water vapour content inside the mattress (Svennberg and Wadso 2005). Cunningham’s …
Temperature
Maintaining a specific microclimate not only in the room in which the person is sleeping, but also in the immediate vicinity of the body (under the covers, blanket) is a …
Requirements for Safety of Use
The main factors that determine the comfort and safety of use of furniture for reclining are as follows: air circulation, temperature on the surface of the mattress, moisture circulation, softness …
Requirements for Beds
3.4.6.1 Dimensional Requirements Sleep and rest are an indispensable condition for the proper course of all life processes. While sleeping, the muscles and the skeletal system relax, as does the …
Requirements for Safety of Use
According to McCormick (1957), a person is more comfortable in a seated position if two basic conditions are met: • The weight of the body is adequately distributed between the …
Requirements for Furniture for Sitting and Relaxing
3.4.5.1 Dimensional Requirements Scientific progress in the field of analysing the seated position and adjusting furniture to the physiological characteristics of a human being began from Staffel’s claim (Izrael Abraham …
Requirements for Safety of Use
In accordance with the Ordinance of the Minister of Economy of the 5th of July 2001, only safe furniture can be entered onto the market. This means that the manufactured …
Errors in Measuring Kitchen Areas
In contrast to designing home, school and office furniture, where operational space can be developed freely along with the migration of furniture, designing kitchen furniture requires taking into account its …
Requirements for Kitchen Furniture
3.4.4.1 Dimensional Requirements The kitchen in a home should be organised as a sterile workshop, where all the tools are at hand, and at the same time, they do not …
Requirements for Safety of Use
The fulfilment of ergonomics requirements by school furniture still does not entitle them to be placed in a classroom. It is important that the product meets the expected usable requirements, …
Requirements for School Furniture
3.4.3.1 Dimensional Requirements In school children, there is a conflict between the natural tendency to unrestricted physical movement and the need to maintain a seated position for a longer period …
Requirements Concerning Safety of Use
Specific quality characteristics attributed to this group of furniture, which distinguish them from other types, are conditioned by the nature of use and certain external factors, which in the practice …
Requirements for Office Furniture
3.4.2.1 Dimensional Requirements Designing office space requires attention to the proper arrangement of individual and group workstations. Firstly, the availability of the workstation must be taken into account, i. e. …
Anthropometric Measures of the Human
Anthropometry (Gr. anthropos—human, metreo—measure), according to the definition in the encyclopaedia PWN, is a group of technologies of making measurements of the body or skeleton of a modern and fossil …
Anthropotechnical Designing
Designing mainly refers to specific objects. In the field of designing furniture, it will always be a technical artefact of usable character: a chair, a table, a wardrobe, a bed, …
Form and Construction of Furniture
Almost every day we encounter objects that captivate us by their form, function, colour and craftsmanship. Sometimes, these are objects designed by famous designers. We wonder then why a given …
Technical and Economy Requirements
Technical and economic requirements are characterised by their cost-effectiveness: design methods, structures of the product (material specifications), manufacturing technologies, method of validation, distribution, warranty and post-warranty services, marketing campaigns, etc. …
Construction and Technology Requirements
The constructional requirements of the designed furniture are as follows: simplicity of the concept, rational selection of materials, satisfactory stiffness, stability and strength of the system, proper realisation of joints …
Functional Requirements
The expected function of a product has an essential influence on its form and constructional solutions. Every piece of furniture should meet a specific function, strictly connecting with the method, …
Aesthetic Requirements
Industrial design is a creative activity, which aims to define the external characteristics of objects produced industrially. These characteristics define the structural and functional relations that make a given industrial …
Basic Design Requirements
Furniture is among the oldest of objects of applied arts, which the human uses. It should be noted here that these constructions differ little from those used today. Chairs, cabinets …
