Thermal analysis of collectors

In this section the thermal analysis of the collectors is presented. The two major types of collectors, i. e. flat-plate and concentrating are examined separately. The basic parameter to consider …

Solar steam generation systems

PTC are frequently employed for solar steam generation, because relatively high temperatures can be obtained without any serious degradation in the collector efficiency. Low temperature steam can be used in …

Polysun simulation program

Polysun program provides dynamical annual simulations of solar thermal systems and helps to optimise them [120]. It operates with dynamic time steps from 1 s to 1 h, thus simulation …

Flat-plate collectors

A typical flat-plate solar collector is shown in Fig. 1. When solar radiation passes through a transparent cover and impinges on the blackened absorber surface of high absorptivity, a large …

Air systems

Air systems are indirect water heating systems that circulate air via ductwork through the collectors to an air-to - liquid heat exchanger. In the heat exchanger, heat is transferred to …

Concentrating collectors performance

For concentrating collector both optical and thermal analyses are required. 3.2.1. Optical analysis The concentration ratio (C) is defined as the ratio of the aperture area to the receiver/absorber area, …

Solar desalination systems

Water is one of the most abundant resources on earth, covering three-fourths of the planet’s surface. About 97% of the earth’s water is salt water in the oceans; 3% of …

F-Chart method and program

The method was developed by Beckman et al. [122]. The method provides a means for estimating the fraction of a total heating and cooling that will be supplied by solar …

Glazing materials

2.1.1.1. Glass has been widely used to glaze solar collectors because it can transmit as much as 90% of the incoming shortwave solar irradiation while transmitting virtually none of the …

Solar space heating and cooling

The components and subsystems discussed in Section 5.1 may be combined to create a wide variety of building solar heating and cooling systems. There are again two principal categories of …

Solar thermal collectors and applications

1. Introduction The sun is a sphere of intensely hot gaseous matter with a diameter of 1.39 X 109 m. The solar energy strikes our planet a mere 8 min …