Participative Design and Action Research
Action research (AR) is a methodology that allows employees in an organisation to enquire into problems that they perceive in their workplace in order to resolve these problems ‘from bottom …
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PRINCIPLES IN THE DESIGN OF CONTROL CENTRES
A general philosophy for the design of control centres and the involvement of ergonomic design factors will now be considered. This section presents a discussion of the principles as a …
Mental Models of the Physical Process
As described earlier, the operator has stored in his or her memory a mental model of the physical surroundings. The process control room operator, therefore, has stored in his or …
Models of Operators as Components in Complex Systems
The following description is primarily limited to the role of the operator as a system component. First it is helpful to examine the operator’s ability to fulfil the goals of …
MODELS OF COMPLEX HUMAN/MACHINE SYSTEMS
There have been many different attempts to produce a model of a human being as an information processor. Many of these have attempted to describe a person mathematically as an …
Human/Machine Control Systems
A human operator can become just as important a component in a regulatory or control system as the electronic or mechanical components. Constant regulation (where the operator puts in new …
Open and Closed Controls
In open control, the control equipment is not affected by the object or process. Certain types of control equipment in central heating systems are examples of open control (see Figure …
BASIC CONTROL CONCEPTS AND HUMAN/MACHINE MODELS
A general model of human/machine systems will be considered (see also van Cott and Kinkade, 1972; Ivergard, 1982). Control is defined in international standards as a general concept to denote …
Examples of Computerisation in Process Industries
It is not difficult to design a model that reflects in a general way how human/machine interaction is usually affected by computerisation as normally carried out in process industries. Moreover, …
GENERAL MODELS
Before entering discussions about the different forms of models for human/computer systems in the process industry, it is important first to look more closely at the reasons behind the demand …
Models in Process Control
Toni Ivergard and Brian Hunt CONTENTS 1.1 General Models........................................................................................................ 12 1.1.1 Motives for Automation and Computerisation................................... 12 1.1.2 Examples of Computerisation in Process Industries........................... 15 1.2 Basic Control Concepts and …
COMPUTERISATION
Computerisation often involves the amalgamation of the larger process units into a single control room. This adds to the operator’s responsibilities since the economic value of what is controlled increases, …
Work in Control Rooms
Toni Ivergard and Brian Hunt CONTENTS 1.1 Computerisation....................................................................... 1.2 Paradigm Shift: From Control Rooms to Control Centres References and Further Reading....................................................... Traditionally, human work was of the handicraft type engaged …
Preface to the Second Edition
This Handbook of Control Room Design and Ergonomics was first published in 1989 by Taylor & Francis. The first edition, produced nearly 20 years ago, was based on rather classic …
HANDBOOK OF CONTROL ROOM DESIGN AND ERGONOMICS
A truck with its driver on board is standing on a sloping quayside. Suddenly the truck starts to roll backward toward the edge of the quay. The driver reacts spontaneously …
