Levers
Levers are activated either by the whole hand or just by the fingers. In general, where fine control is needed, only the fingers should be used. The following recommendations apply …
Rotary Switches
These can be divided into two categories: cylindrical and winged. The primary difference between these is that the winged version has a pair of ‘wings’ above the cylindrical part. The …
Toggle Switches
Toggle switches can be used to show two or three positions. Where there are three positions, one should be up, the middle one straight out, and the other one downwards. …
. Press-Buttons AND KEYS
Press-buttons and keys are suitable for starting and stopping and for switching on or off. This type of control is also suitable for foot control, where it should be operated …
ANATOMICAL AND ANTHROPOMETRICAL ASPECTS OF CONTROL DESIGN
Some of the principal anatomical and anthropometric aspects will be considered. For detailed specifications, some excellent handbooks are to be recommended (for example, Morgan et al., 1963; Grandjean, 1988). One …
FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF CONTROLS
The control device is the means by which information on a decision made by a human operator is transferred to the machine. The decision may, for example, be taken on …
Design of Controls
Toni Ivergard and Brian Hunt 5.1 Introduction........................................................................................................... 133 5.2 Functional Aspects of Controls.......................................................................... 134 5.3 Anatomical and Anthropometrical Aspects of Control Design.................... 135 5.3.1 Press-Buttons and Keys......................................................................... 138 5.3.2 Toggle …
Servicing a DLP Cube Wall
The service of such as system is quite easy. It consists of cleaning the system so that it is free from dust, and making readjustments to the system itself. It …
Environmental Aspects
Graphic displays should be placed out of the way of direct sunlight or other strong ambient lighting. The displayed information is prone to becoming ‘washed out’ and hard or impossible …
Screen Mullion
A gap between two adjacent cubes should not exceed 0.3 mm per screen, which leads to a gap between two adjacent screens of about 0.68 mm. Then the gap can …
Installation of Large Screen Systems
To ensure mechanical stability and robustness, the structures and the chassis of the cubes should have a stable and robust construction. This is the case even if large screen systems …
Wall Management SofTWARE
In large screen displays, the connected sources and processes must somehow be controlled comfortably and intuitively. Therefore there must be a software platform to ensure that. User-friendly software with a …
Graphics Controller
Graphics wall controllers (Figure 4.36) enable operators and other employees with diverse interconnected responsibilities to share a common view of images from different kinds of information sources. These sources can …
Display Systems
Visualisation technology is only a part of such a large screen system composed of a matrix of different displays. These systems in general are composed of three different elements (Figure …
THE RIGHT DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY
As explained, each of these technologies has its application, but the technology that unifies the most advantages and that is the most flexible for control rooms are rear projection cubes …
Seamless Plasma Screens
The latest technology in this field is the so-called seamless plasma display. These displays have a minimal gap between each module when built up as a video wall. However, these …
Plasma Screen Displays
The main difference between the plasma technology and other display systems is the way that a source of light is produced in each pixel (point in the projected image). In …
LCD Monitor Wall Narrow Bezel
The disadvantage of this technology is that the image format (Figure 4.33) is normally 16:9 whereas 4:3 or 5:4 is usually used. Present-day technology means that there are limits in …
Thin Film Transistor LCD Monitors
The designation ‘thin film transistor’ (TFT) already suggests that the transistors are responsible for the screen layout. They control the action of liquid crystals, which FIGuRE 4.31 A single-chip DLP …
Applications and Configurations of a One-Chip DLp projection system
Rear projection cubes for 24-hour operation, televisions, home theatre systems, and business projectors using DLP technology rely on a single-chip configuration as described above (Figure 4.31). White light passes through …
Adding Colour
The white light generated by the lamp in a DLP projection system passes through a colour wheel as it travels to the surface of the DLP chip. The colour wheel …
DLP Cubes
What is the DLP technology? The DLP microchip is an optical semiconductor. Invented in 1987 by Larry Hornbeck of Texas Instruments, it is also called the digital micromirror (DMD) chip. …
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Cubes
Simple projectors with LCD technology possess only one-colour display, which is transilluminated by the projection lamp. Because the display absorbs up to 80% of the irradiated light, the brightness of …
Dual-Element Optical Screen Design
In addition to the Fresnel lens element, there is a light dispersion screen element (either a lenticular, cross-lenticular, or diffusion-like screen). The Fresnel lens ensures perfect brightness uniformity across the …
Diffusion Screen Design
The performance of diffusion screens is based on the diffuser particles in the screen and the colour tint of the base material. The diffusion screens are divided into two groups: …
Rear Projection Screen Types
Several different types of screens are available for rear projection, and they offer very different properties in the projected image. First of all, the difference between optical screens and diffusion …
Stand-Alone Devices
Since only a single projector is used, the image resolution is limited. Therefore these devices are normally not found in image sizes larger than 120 to 150 inches. 4.5.3.2 Cube …
Application sectors
This technology is used in home cinema, in office and business applications, and in conference and education settings. The technologies have a number of disadvantages including a short lamp life …
Front Projection Screen Types
The various screen types that typically are used in front projection can be divided into the following groups. (Remember: The basic physics of all the screens are that brightness and …
Front Projection Displays
Front projection displays (Figure 4.18) are typically less expensive to set up than rear projection display systems. However, the technology has a few drawbacks that need to be considered. When …
Projection Displays
A visual display unit (VDU) based on projection technology is composed of a projector and a projection screen. These are either custom built by a systems integrator or based on …
DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES
Depending on the requirements and the application, there are several technologies available that can be used in control room environments. Only the more advanced technologies will be covered here. The …
The Weakest Link in the Chain Decides the Perceived Result
Budgetary limitations should not influence the choice of any link in the chain. In other words, attempts to save money could result in a dramatic decrease of the quality and …
Controlling Daylight
Controlling daylight—using blinds or sun shading—must have a very high priority in any control room design. In applications where daylight cannot be controlled, consideration should be given to placing the …
Ambient Light
The ambient light is basically all light other than the light being directly emitted from the display (Figure 4.13). Typically, the ambient light level in a control room will be …
