Comfort Station
In creating an inviting and relaxing space, comfort is a top priority, and new materials and technologies are used to design these elements of comfort. • Tubs not only contour …
. Activity Trends
Grooming Providing a place for applying makeup no longer means just an open space with a stool at the lavatory counter. Larger, more luxurious bathrooms include a special vanity area …
. Furniture
• Furniture replaces cabinetry. Furniture is being introduced into the bathroom much as it has been in the kitchen. There is a trend toward less use of cabinetry and more …
. Multicultural influences
• Multiple generations. For many cultures, one home may accommodate many generations. Therefore, designers may need to plan spaces that will accommodate this multigenerational family. This typically means more bathrooms …
Design Trends
Following are some of the key design trends in bathrooms today. Many of these trends are visible in both the U. S. and Canadian bathroom projects, but some specific regional …
BATHROOM TRENDS
These changing demographic characteristics also impact how consumers use their baths, the products they demand, and the looks and styles they favor. The retail markets of today offer the consumer …
Population Diversity
According to the 2010 U. S. Census and the State of the Nation's Housing 2011, a publication of the Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University, we continue to …
Household Composition
Other demographic changes that could impact the design market include changes in household composition as summarized in the 2010 U. S. Census. Households are becoming smaller. In 2010, one - …
CURRENT DEMOGRAPHIC AND POPULATION TRENDS
With each era, new design trends emerge that incorporate the lifestyles and technologies of the time. In this new millennium, we see many factors influencing bathroom design, one of which …
BATHROOM EFF C ENCY
Jn a cJLivelu ~S)ettin
MAJOR BATHROOM TRENDS
After becoming an integral part of the home early in the twentieth century, the bathroom has undergone many changes and experienced many design trends. Some reflect changes in lifestyles, while …
Additional Human Factors Research
Human factors research is also being conducted at other universities, but with the focus on universal design and accessible design related to specific populations. Three major programs conducting research in …
Human Engineering
In the field of human engineering, which is the application of knowledge about human beings to design, Henry Dreyfuss and Associates are pioneers. This group was perhaps the first to …
BATHROOM-RELATED RESEARCH
Bathroom design today has also benefited from key research on anthropometrics, ergonomic design, and universal design. Designers now have a better understanding of the human body, the design and space …
Plumbing Codes
With an increasing number of bathrooms, more regulations were necessary, which led Secretary of Commerce, Herbert Hoover, to establish the 1924 Bureau of Standards for basic plumbing. Although these codes …
A Real Bathroom
Older homes did not have an extra space that could be devoted to a complete bathroom. It was relatively easy to add a small toilet or a lavatory, but including …
Bathing
Bathing methods also changed with the availability of running water. A concern about hygiene prompted people to question how someone could become clean while sitting in a tub of water …
Indoor Plumbing
The bathroom did not become common in the average home until there was a reliable supply of running water and the availability of inexpensive metal pipe and ceramic fixtures that …
Water and Sewer Systems
To deliver the necessary fresh water for personal hygiene in the home, a safe and reliable water supply had to be developed. Prompted by a series of cholera epidemics, city …
The American Bathroom Takes Shape—Nineteenth Century and Beyond
As American cities became more congested and as the number of backyard privies near water supplies increased, the issue of sanitation grew more acute. Yellow fever epidemics erupted in the …
Sanitation
Colonial America also did not have the luxury of a public water supply or sewer system, so the disposal of waste was as primitive as it had been for centuries. …
Hot Water
The task of supplying hot water to the bath became easier with new innovations, one of which was the cast iron stove. A water vat was located at the back …
The Bathtub
Bathing for the middle class during this time usually involved a portable bathtub placed in the kitchen (see Figure 1.2)—typically the warmest room in the house with a nearby heat …
The Middle Ages
With the fall of the Roman Empire, the bath was no longer an important part of daily life and disappeared for centuries. Through the Middle Ages, the fifth to fifteenth …
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE BATHROOM
The typical North American bathroom, as we know it today, has a relatively short history. The early "bath room" or "bath house" was strictly for bathing. It was not until …
Bathroom History, Research, and Trends
Although the bathroom has changed throughout history, it has always reflected the prevailing cultural attitudes toward hygiene, cleanliness, privacy, relaxation, socializing, and even morality and religion. The development of our …
Guidelines, Codes, Standards
Bathrooms in the home continue to change as new products are introduced to the market, new standards have an impact on energy and water consumption, and people change in their …
