Spatial fashioned knitted fabrics
The 3D knitted performs started to be developed in the '90, mainly based on the development of electronic flat knitting machines and CAD/CAM systems. Even if there is significant progress …
LIBA technology
The Liba technology is by far the best adapted to produce multiaxial fabrics. The MAX 3 CNC machines use a Copcentra machine that is preceded by a number of 3 …
Karl Mayer technology
The Karl Mayer machine uses four yarn systems - one to produce the ground fabric, one to insert the warp yarns, one for the weft yarns and the fourth for …
3D knitted structures
In the case of knitted fabrics, the 3D architecture is facilitated by their high extensibility and formability that allow the production of complex shapes. This is the reason why the …
Test results
The experimental results were calculated based on the raw data from the testing machine, according to the established methodology (ASTM D 2256), to obtain the following values: breaking strength, breaking …
Experimental results Knitting conditions
Fig. 5 presents the aspect of a 408 tex glass fibre jersey fabric produced with the quality stitch cams in the limit position, in this case NP = 10.5. The …
Experimental work
The experimental work is based on the direct study of the yarn after knitting, in order to identify the damage degree of the glass fibres inflicted by the knitting process. …
Raw materials used for the production of knitted fabrics for advanced composite materials
Textile reinforcements are produced using high performance fibres, like glass, carbon/graphite, Kevlar, PES HM and HT, ceramic fibres, boron and silicon carbide fibres, etc. These yarns have superior mechanical behaviour …
Classification of textile reinforced composites
Two main criteria can be used to characterise the textile reinforcements: the material structure/geometry and the technological process (Hu, 2008). Fukuta et al. (1984) gives a classification of the textile …
Development of 3D Knitted Fabrics for Advanced Composite Materials
Luminita Ciobanu, Ph. D., Eng. „Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi Romania 1. Introduction Generally, a composite material is made of distinct materials, that together act in a different way …
Optimization of the curing cycles of composites
Solution of the optimization task of the curing process of composite products is as follows: necessary to find the temperature-time cycle U, which is a control parameter U(f;f), U(f;Q*), U(f;a) …
Numerical analysis of curing cycles
Using the once studied properties of the composite, the software of CMS allows multiple to simulate the curing process on the computer under different conditions, thus calculate the temperature-conversion field …
Mathematical model and identification of its parameters
In the mathematical description of any phenomenon or process, we solve two conflicting objectives. On the one hand it is necessary to obtain a simple model with a small number …
Optimization of Curing Cycles for Thick-wall Products of the Polymeric Composite Materials
Oleg Dmitriev and Sergey Mischenko Tambov State Technical University Russia 1. Introduction Production of composites is a complex, energy-intensive, relatively time-consuming chemical-technological process. Therefore, the issue of increasing intensity of …
Toughened epoxies
The increase of crosslinking degree obtained by either the combination of radiation and thermal curing or by the mixing of epoxy monomers at different functionalities, causes improvement of thermal properties …
Radiation curing of epoxies as matrices for advanced composites
The occurrence of curing reactions has been checked by the monitoring of the temperature during samples irradiation. The temperature of the irradiated samples depends on different thermal events, whose rate …
Radiation Curing of Thermosetting — Thermoplastic Blends as Matrices for Structural Carbon Fibre Composites
Sabina Alessi1, Clelia Dispenza1, Giuseppe Pitarresi2 and Giuseppe Spadaro1 1Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Processi e dei Materiali, Universita di Palermo 2Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Universita di Palermo Viale delle …
. Polymer composites characterization
a. Mechanical characterization The tensile strength, elongation at break, and elastic modulus of the PVA/cellulose fibers composites compared with those of unreinforced PVA are shown in Figs. 6 - 8. …
Results. Cellulose fibers characterization
The three samples of cellulose fibers, L, H and U, were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 2, 3a-c and 4). SEM image obtained for sample L (Fig. 2) revealed …
Nanocomposite films preparation
In order to obtain PVA/cellulose fibers composite films with different filler concentrations, the required amount of PVA corresponding to a final concentration of 10% in the aqueous medium and the …
Experimental part
1.1 Materials Polyvinyl alcohol, PVA 120-99, 1200 polymerization degree and 99% hydrolysis degree was used as matrix. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with a mean particle size of 20 pm and an …
State of the art
Cellulose was rediscovered at the end of the last century due to nanoscience and improved technologies available for the disintegration of cellulose in submicron and nanosize fibers. The native cellulose …
Properties of Polymer Composites with Cellulose Microfibrils
Denis Mihaela Panaitescu, Adriana Nicoleta Frone, Marius Ghiurea, Catalin Ilie Spataru, Constantin Radovici and Michaela Doina Iorga National Institute of Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry Romania 1. Introduction …
Further processing
To suppose an industrial development of softened or densified composites, any possible further processing has to be evaluated. Two polyurethane coatings systems (primer + top-coat), aqueous and solvent based, have …
Wood moulding
To achieve non treated wood moulding, high temperature and air moisture content are necessary to obtain a plastic behaviour. The advantage of softened composite is its ability to be moulded …
Wood densification
Wood densification via impregnation and polymerization leads to a competitive material, resistant to biological attack, with high surface hardness and satisfying mechanical properties. Use of the softened composite to manufacture …
Biological performance
Composites have been subjected to a decay resistance test of 8 weeks against Gloeophyllum trabeum and Coriolus versicolor for beech samples and Gloeophyllum trabeum and Poria placenta for pine samples. …
Physical performance
Expected to be used outside, wood has to reach a suitable performance according to swelling. The anti-swelling efficiency of long treated samples has been evaluated around 70%. Even samples subjected …
Product performance
1.2 Physico-chemical properties In-situ polymerization of lactic acid oligomers has been analysed by FTIR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. Infra-red spectroscopy attests the occurence of polymerised lactic acid into wood …
Physical observation
Treatment has been conducted on samples in a macroscopic scale. A strong interaction between wood and the polymerized oligomers can be attested. The composite material obtained by mean of the …
Alternatives
The role of lactic acid polymers into wood is to reinforce the lignocellulosic matrix. Therefore, the favourite polymerization protocol is the one which leads to the highest in-situ polymerization degree. …
Composite material manufacturing
1.1 Method Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most produced and processed bio-polymers. It is produced from lactic acid monomers polycondensation. Lactic acid can be synthesized from fossile resources …
Biopolymer as Reinforcement into Natural Matrices: a New Route to Bio-Composite Materials
Marion Noel12, Emmanuel Fredon1, Eric Mougel1, Eric Masson2 and Daniel Masson1 1LERMAB INRA 1093, UHP Nancy I, ENSTIB, 2Cribois 12France 1. Introduction In order to design a new, efficient and …
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
DSC traces of pure Phenoxy and polymer nanocomposite materials are shown in Fig.30. Ph exhibited a shallow endotherm at 61oC corresponding to the glass transition temperature (Tg) of Ph. All …
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
The surface morphology of the pure Phenoxy membrane and the Ph-modified nanocomposite membranes were analyzed by Tapping Mode - Atomic Force Microscopy (TM-AFM). Quantitatively, the differences in the morphology can …
