Gasification

Coal Analysis

The methods generally used for specifying the analysis of coals has developed along pragmatic lines and are aimed at providing a useful guide to coal users rather than a purely chemical approach. The two types of analysis for any coal are the proximate analysis and the ultimate analysis.

Table 4-2

Classification of Coals

Class

Volatile Matter

Fixed Carbon

Heating Value

wt%

wt%

MJ/kg

Anthracite

<8

>92

36-37

Bituminous

8-22

78-92

32-36

Sub-bituminous

22-27

73-78

28-32

Browncoal (Lignite)

27-35

65-73

26-28

Table 4-3

Classification of Coals

Class

Fixed Carbon

Heating Value

Agglomerating Character

wt%

втшь

I. Anthracitic

1. Meta-anthracitie

>98

N onagglomerating

2 Anthracite

92-98

3. Semianthracite

86-92

II. Bituminous

1. Low-volatile bituminous coal

78-86

2. Medium-volatile bituminous

69-78

Commonly agglomerating

coal

3. High-volatile A bituminous coal

<69

>14,000

4. High-volatile В bituminous coal

13,000-14,000

5. High-volatile C bituminous coal

11,500-13,000

Agglomerating

III. Sub-bituminous

1. Sub-bituminous A coal

9,500-10,500

2. Sub-bituminous В coal

8,300-9,500

Nonagglomerating

3. Sub-bituminous C coal

8,300-9,500

IV. Lignitic

1. Lignite A

6,300-8,300

2. Lignite В

<6,300

Source: ASTMD388

Feedstocks and Feedstock Characteristics 43

Figure 4-1. Proximate Analyses of Coals by Rank (Source: Baughman, 1978)

Gasification

Liquid Wastes

Organic Chemical Waste. Organic wastes from chemical production vary as widely as the processes from which they originate. One published example is the feedstock to a waste gasification plant at …

Carbon Management

In the Texaco process, soot is extracted from the carbon-water mixture with naphtha and recycled with the feedstock to the reactor where it is gasified to extinction. The black water …

Common Issues

Operating Temperature Any fluid bed depends on having the solid particles of a size that can be lifted by the upward flowing gas. A large portion (over 95%) of the …

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