EuroSun2008-5

Results for the base-cases and envelope changes needed to ensure compliance

The first stage of the calculations was to compute the main evaluation indexes (Nic, Nvc, Nac and Ntc) for the buildings with their base-case envelope, as described in section 2. Table 5 and Table 6 show the results of the heating and cooling needs for each of the 7 analysed locations. The results show that, with the base-case envelope, the heating needs are above the allowed limit if the buildings are located in the coldest regions - Bragan? a, Guarda, Penhas Douradas and Viana do Castelo (this later one only in the case of the dwelling). The cooling needs pose no problem in any of the studied locations.

Table 5: Results for the apartment with the base-case envelope - heating and cooling needs

Lisboa

Bragan^a

Faro

Evora

Guarda

Penhas

Douradas

Viana do Castelo

Nic

(kWh/m2.year)

55.5

161.8

51.6

67.4

169.3

200.8

73.6

Ni Max

(kWh/m2.year)

60.4

138.4

54.3

69.8

143.46

164.3

75.0

Nvc

(kWh/m2.year)

14.7

2.3

14.7

14.3

2.0

2.0

2.0

Nv Max

(kWh/m2.year)

32

18

32

32

18

18

18

Compliance

YES

NO

YES

YES

NO

NO

YES

Table 6: Results for the dwelling with the base-case envelope - heating and cooling needs

Lisboa

Bragan^a

Faro

Evora

Guarda

Penhas

Douradas

Viana do Castelo

Nic

54.6

165.9

51.3

66.8

173.8

207.2

93.7

Ni max

62.5

143.3

56.1

72.2

148.5

170.1

90.2

Nvc

14.1

1.9

14.1

14.0

1.6

1.6

1.6

Nv max

32

18

32

32

16

16

16

Compliance

YES

NO

YES

YES

NO

NO

NO

The second stage of the study consisted in identifying a minimum set of envelope changes that ensures compliance with the regulation in terms of heating and cooling loads. For each location there several sets of changes that can accomplish this goal, e. g. increasing the insulation, changing from natural to mechanical ventilation with lower air change rates or optimizing the window orientation and areas. Priority was given to measures that have no or little collateral impact with other architectural features. Table 7 summarises the main changes made to the base-case in order to fulfil the regulation demands in terms of heating and cooling needs. Table 8 and Table 9 show the results of heating and cooling needs plus the final energy for water heating and the total primary energy consumption (as a ratio between the actual result and the maximum allowed) as well as the resulting energy class. The results confirm that with the envelope changes identified it is now

possible to fulfil the heating and cooling requirements (first two lines). The results also show that the final result of (Ntc/Nt) and the corresponding energy class depends very strongly in the equipments used for heating, cooling and especially for DHW production. With the equipments scenario 3, which relies solely on electric resistance for DHW it is not possible to fulfil the regulation in any of the location, while with scenarios 2 and 6, which make use of solar collectors, all buildings become class A or A+.

Table 7: Changes in the envelope implemented to fulfil the regulation RCCTE.

Location

Apartment

Dwelling

Braganja

- Wall insulation increased to 6 cm (U= 0.41 W/m2.°C)

- Insul. of plan. th. br. increased to 3 cm (U=0.88 W/m2.°C)

- Floor slab insulation increased to 6 cm (U=0.53)

- Night occlusion device at kitchen window, U decreasing to 3.1 W/m2.°C.

- Wall insulation increased to 6 cm (U=0.45 W/m2.°C at walls and 0.52 at planar thermal bridges)

- Insulation of interior envelope walls increased to 6 cm (U=0.48 W/m2.°C)

- Natural ventilation air intake grills and windows with air tightness class 2, decreasing air change to 1.0 ach-1

Guarda

- Wall insulation increased to 6 cm XPS (U= 0.38)

- Insulation at planar thermal bridges increased to 3 cm XPS (U=0.81 W/m2.°C)

- Floor slab insulation increased to 6 cm (U=0.46)

- Window frames with thermal break + night occlusion devices, resulting in U=2.7 W/m2.°C.

- Wall insulation increased to 8 cm (U=0.37 W/m2.°C at walls and 0.41 W/m2.°C at planar thermal bridges)

- Roof slab insulation increased to 8 cm (U=0.32 W/m2.°C)

Penhas

Douradas

- Wall insulation increased to 7cm XPS (U= 0.34 W/m2.°C)

- Insulation at planar thermal bridges increased to 6cm XPS (U=0.49 W/m2.°C)

- Floor slab insulation increased to 7cm (U=0.48)

- Window frames with thermal break + night occlusion devices, resulting in U=2.7 W/m2.°C.

- Wall insulation increased to 8 cm (U=0.37 W/m2.°C at walls and 0.41 at planar thermal bridges)

- Insulation of interior envelope walls increased to 6 cm (U=0.48 W/m2.°C)

- Roof slab insulation increased to 8 cm (U=0.32 W/m2.°C)

- Night occlusion device of windows + rubber strips, resulting in windows with U=2.7 W/m2.°C

Viana C.

-

- Wall insulation increased to 5 cm (U=0.51 W/m2.°C)

Lisbon, Faro, Evora: No changes required

Table 8: Results for the apartment after the changes in the envelope to fulfil the regulation in terms of

heating and cooling needs.

Lisboa

Bragan^a

Faro

Evora

Guarda

P. Dour. as

Viana C. l°

Nic /Ni

92%

99%

95%

97%

95%

97%

98%

Nvc /Nv

46%

14%

46%

45%

15%

15%

12%

Eqpt. 1

Nac / Na

74%

74%

74%

74%

74%

74%

74%

Ntc /Nt

52% [B]

57% [B]

52% [B]

53% [B]

57% [B]

58% [B]

53% [B]

Eqpt. 2

Nac / Na

22%

26%

21%

21%

26%

27%

28%

Ntc /Nt

23% [A+]

32% [A]

21% [A+]

23% [A+]

32% [A]

35% [A]

26% [A]

Eqpt. 3

Nac / Na

68%

68%

68%

68%

68%

68%

68%

Ntc /Nt

136% [NC]

132% [NC]

137% [NC]

136% [NC]

129% [NC]

128% [NC]

137% [NC]

Eqpt. 4

Nac / Na

74%

74%

74%

74%

74%

74%

74%

Ntc /Nt

50% [A]

52% [B]

50% [A]

50% [B]

52% [B]

53% [B]

50% [A]

Eqpt. 5

Nac / Na

16%

20%

14%

15%

20%

21%

21%

image153

1st International Congress on Heating, Cooling, and Buildings, 7th to 10th October, Lisbon - Portugal /

Ntc /Nt

38% [A]

49% [A]

35% [A]

36% [A]

48% [A]

51% [B]

48% [A]

Eqpt. 6

Nac / Na

22%

26%

21%

21%

26%

27%

28%

Ntc /Nt

21% [A+]

27% [A]

19% [A+]

21% [A+]

27% [A]

29% [A]

24% [A+]

NC. = Not Compliant

Table 9: Results for the dwelling after the changes to meet the heating and cooling needs requirements

Lisboa

Bragan^a

Faro

Evora

Guarda

P. Dour. as

Viana C. l°

Nic /Ni

87%

100%

91%

93%

99%

99%

98%

Nvc /Nv

44%

16%

44%

44%

15%

14%

12%

Eqpt. 1

Nac / Na

74%

74%

74%

74%

74%

74%

74%

Ntc /Nt

53% [B]

61% [B]

53% [B]

54% [B]

61% [B]

62% [B]

56% [B]

Eqpt. 2

Nac / Na

26%

30%

24%

24%

30%

30%

31%

Ntc /Nt

27% [A]

39% [A]

26% [A]

28% [A]

40% [A]

42% [A]

33% [A]

Eqpt. 3

Nac / Na

68%

68%

68%

68%

68%

68%

68%

Ntc /Nt

134% [NC]

129% [NC]

135% [NC]

133% [NC]

127% [NC]

125% [NC]

133% [NC]

Eqpt. 4

Nac / Na

74%

74%

74%

74%

74%

74%

74%

Ntc /Nt

50% [A]

54% [B]

50% [A]

51% [B]

54% [B]

55% [B]

51% [B]

Eqpt. 5

Nac / Na

19%

23%

18%

18%

23%

24%

25%

Ntc /Nt

45% [A]

56% [B]

42% [A]

43% [A]

56% [B]

58% [B]

56% [B]

Eqpt. 6

Nac / Na

26%

30%

24%

18%

30%

30%

31%

Ntc /Nt

24% [A+]

33% [A]

23% [A+]

24% [A+]

33% [A]

35% [A]

29% [A]

EuroSun2008-5

Automatic Control System

The whole automation system is mainly divided into two parts: one part is the hardware equipments consisted of all kinds of devices used in the testing system; the other part …

The application of the regulations minimal solar collector area

Following the new regulations, a three bedrooms autonomous zone must have a minimal collector area of 4 m2 independently of the climate zone were is located. From the simulations results …

Measured sequences used for validation purposes

The comparison of experimental and calculated instantaneous power results, obtained after the different approaches presented in the previous section, is based on instantaneous efficiency measurements for a CPC collector (C …

Как с нами связаться:

Украина:
г.Александрия
тел./факс +38 05235  77193 Бухгалтерия

+38 050 457 13 30 — Рашид - продажи новинок
e-mail: msd@msd.com.ua
Схема проезда к производственному офису:
Схема проезда к МСД

Партнеры МСД

Контакты для заказов оборудования:

Внимание! На этом сайте большинство материалов - техническая литература в помощь предпринимателю. Так же большинство производственного оборудования сегодня не актуально. Уточнить можно по почте: Эл. почта: msd@msd.com.ua

+38 050 512 1194 Александр
- телефон для консультаций и заказов спец.оборудования, дробилок, уловителей, дражираторов, гереторных насосов и инженерных решений.